The church was formally established in Battle Creek, Michigan, on May 21, 1863, with a membership of 3,500.
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Ellen White came to occupy a particularly central role her many visions and spiritual leadership convinced her fellow Adventists that she possessed the gift of prophecy. Among its most prominent figures were Joseph Bates, James White, and Ellen G. They embraced the doctrines of the Sabbath, the heavenly sanctuary interpretation of Daniel 8:14, conditional immortality and the expectation of Christ's premillennial return. Organization and recognitionįor about 20 years, the Adventist movement consisted of a small loosely knit group of people who came from many churches whose primary means of connection and interaction was through James White's periodical, The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald. This message was gradually accepted and formed the topic of the first edition of the church publication The Present Truth (now the Adventist Review), which appeared in July 1849. Preble, who in turn had been influenced by Rachel Oakes Preston, a young Seventh Day Baptist. Bates was introduced to the Sabbath doctrine by a tract written by Millerite preacher Thomas M. The foremost proponent of Sabbath-keeping among early Adventists was Joseph Bates. List of Seventh-day Adventist periodicalsĪs the early Adventist movement consolidated, the question of the biblical day of rest and worship was raised.
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They resisted setting further dates for the event, citing Revelation 10:6, "that there should be time no longer." Development of Sabbatarianism Part of a series on This group of Adventists continued to believe that Christ's second coming would be imminent. Over the next few decades this understanding developed into the doctrine of the investigative judgment: an eschatological process commencing in 1844 in which Christians will be judged to verify their eligibility for salvation and God's justice will be confirmed before the universe. This new awareness of a sanctuary in heaven became an important part of their thinking. These Adventists arrived at the conviction that Daniel 8:14 foretold Christ's entrance into the Most Holy Place of the heavenly sanctuary rather than his second coming. Some Millerites came to believe that Miller's calculations were correct, but that his interpretation of Daniel 8:14 was flawed as he assumed it was the 'earth that was to be cleansed' or Christ would come to cleanse the world. When this did not happen, most of his followers disbanded and returned to their original churches. In the summer of 1844, Millerite Adventists came to believe that Jesus would return on October 22, 1844, understood to be the Biblical Day of Atonement for that year. William Miller (preacher) predicted on the basis of Daniel 8:14–16 and the " day-year principle" that Jesus Christ would return to Earth between the Spring of 1843 and the Spring of 1844. The Seventh-day Adventist Church is the largest of several Adventist groups which arose from the Millerite movement of the 1840s in upstate New York, a phase of the Second Great Awakening. Main article: History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
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The church operates numerous schools, hospitals and publishing houses worldwide, as well as a humanitarian aid organization known as the Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA). It has a missionary presence in over 200 countries and territories and is ethnically and culturally diverse. As of May 2007, it was the twelfth-largest religious body in the world, and the sixth-largest highly international religious body. It currently has a worldwide baptized membership of about 16.3 million people. The world church is governed by a General Conference, with smaller regions administered by divisions, union conferences and local conferences. The church is also known for its emphasis on diet and health, its holistic understanding of the person, its promotion of religious liberty, and its conservative principles and lifestyle. Distinctive teachings include the unconscious state of the dead and the doctrine of an investigative judgment.
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Much of the theology of the Seventh-day Adventist Church corresponds to Protestant Christian teachings such as the Trinity and the infallibility of Scripture. White, whose extensive writings are still held in high regard by the church today. The denomination grew out of the Millerite movement in the United States during the middle part of the 19th century and was formally established in 1863. The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Protestant Christian denomination distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the original seventh day of the Judeo-Christian week, as the Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the imminent second coming (Advent) of Jesus Christ. Shepherds Rod - Davidian SDAs (separated 1929) Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement (separated 1925)